Unit 10: relative clauses a crime

Co musíš umět

1who · which · that · whose · where: kdy které. 2Defining × non-defining: čárky, kdy nesmí být that, kdy zájmeno vynechat. 3Question tags: isn't she? did you? + výjimky aren't I, shall we, will you. 4Compound nouns: book cover, child prodigy, traffic jam… 5Crime: zločin · zločinec · sloveso (burglary · burglar · break in). 6Od zločinu k rozsudku: arrested, charged, jury, verdict, sentenced.

1Relative clauses: které zájmeno

Vztažná věta říká, o kom nebo o čem mluvíme. Zájmeno vybíráš podle toho, co nahrazuje.

WHO

lidé

the woman who wrote it

WHICH

věci, zvířata

the book which teaches you

THAT

místo who / which

jen v defining větách

WHOSE

čí

the man whose brother plays…

WHERE

místa

the house where I was born

whose = čí (vlastnictví). who's = who is. Za whose vždycky stojí podstatné jméno: whose songs, whose dog.

Doplň zájmeno

Člověk, věc, čí, nebo místo?

  1. Minneapolis is the city ___ Prince was born.
  2. Rob and Corinna, ___ have twins, often need a babysitter.
  3. The sandwich ___ you made me was delicious.
  4. David Bowie, ___ songs inspired us for nearly 50 years, died in 2016.
  5. The Mona Lisa, ___ has been damaged several times, is now behind glass.
  6. Look! That's the woman ___ dog bit me last week.
  7. That man ___ you saw at the party was my boyfriend!
  8. That's the park ___ I learned to ride a bike.
  9. One of his muses was Marianne Jensen, the Norwegian woman ___ he lived with on Hydra.
  10. It was the role of Princess Leia ___ made her famous.

2Defining × non-defining

Defining nutná informace

Bez ní nevíš, koho myslím.

The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

  • bez čárek
  • smí být that
  • zájmeno jde někdy vynechat

Non-defining informace navíc

Věta dává smysl i bez ní.

My neighbour, who is a doctor, has just remarried.

  • mezi čárkami
  • nikdy that
  • zájmeno nikdy nevynecháš

Kdy jde zájmeno vynechat

Jen v defining větě a jen když po zájmenu přijde nový podmět (I, you, she, Mary…).

jde vynechatShe's the girl who I met on the train. → She's the girl I met on the train.
nejdeShe's the girl who met me on the train. (za who rovnou sloveso)
nikdywhose a where se nevynechávají.

Jde zájmeno vynechat?

Je za ním nový podmět? A není to non-defining?

  1. The sandwich which you made me was delicious.
  2. The woman who lived here before was a writer.
  3. That man who you saw at the party was my boyfriend.
  4. David Bowie, whose songs inspired us, died in 2016.
  5. My computer is faster than the one that I used to have.
  6. That's the park where I learned to ride a bike.

Čárky, nebo ne?

Je to jen informace navíc?

  1. Caroline who lives next door to me is beautiful.
  2. This is the place where John crashed his car.
  3. The castle that we visited yesterday was amazing.
  4. Beijing which is one of the world's biggest cities has a population of over 25 million.
  5. These are the shoes which I'm wearing to the wedding.
  6. Sally and Joe who got married last year are expecting their first baby.

3Question tags

Krátká otázka na konci: „že jo?“ Obrátíš kladné ↔ záporné a zopakuješ pomocné sloveso + zájmeno.

Jak ho postavit

She iskladná věta→isn't she?záporný tag
You won't tellzáporná věta→will you?kladný tag
He worksbez pomocného slovesa→doesn't he?do / does / did

Pomocné sloveso podle času

She is very professional,isn't she?
They have learnt a lot,haven't they?
You will cook tonight,won't you?
Carol works on Friday,doesn't she?
You brought the book,didn't you?
You could post them,couldn't you?
Sue wouldn't resign,would she?

Výjimky naučit zpaměti

I am right,aren't I?
Let's dance,shall we?
Feed the dogs (rozkaz),will you?
Don't forget (zákaz),will you?
You've never been there,have you?
Your name's Jack,isn't it?

never dělá větu zápornou → tag je kladný: You never do the washing-up, do you?

↘ Klesavá intonace

Jen si ověřuješ, co už víš. Čekáš „ano“.

It's cold today, isn't it? ↘

↗ Stoupavá intonace

Opravdu se ptáš, nevíš odpověď.

You weren't at home last night, were you? ↗

Vyber tag

Pomocné sloveso, opačná polarita, zájmeno.

  1. She was in Lisbon last week, ___?
  2. Simon apologised for being late, ___?
  3. You don't know where my keys are, ___?
  4. I am too old to run a marathon, ___?
  5. Let's begin, ___?
  6. Don't stay up late, ___?
  7. They have borrowed two books from you, ___?
  8. Cameron teaches in a private studio, ___?
  9. Debbie doesn't work for you anymore, ___?
  10. You've never been to Rome, ___?
  11. Your name's Jack, ___?
  12. They couldn't find enough evidence, ___?

4Compound nouns

Dvě podstatná jména = jedno slovo s novým významem. První říká, jaký druh: desk lamp = lampa na stůl.

File 10

book coverobal knihy
car manufacturervýrobce aut
child prodigyzázračné dítě
desk lampstolní lampa
paperback jedno slovobrožovaná kniha
phone boxtelefonní budka
songwriterskladatel písní

Compound nouns race

Řekni slovo nahlas, pak klepni na mezeru.

5Crime: zločin · zločinec · sloveso

crimecriminalverbčesky
blackmailblackmailerblackmailvydírání
bribery–bribeuplácení
burglaryburglarbreak in / burglevloupání
drug dealingdrug dealersell drugsprodej drog
fraudfraudstercommit fraudpodvod
hackinghackerhack (into)hackování
hijackinghijackerhijackúnos letadla
kidnappingkidnapperkidnapúnos člověka
muggingmuggermugpřepadení na ulici
murdermurderermurdervražda
raperapistrapeznásilnění
robberyrobberrobloupež
smugglingsmugglersmugglepašování
stalkingstalkerstalkpronásledování
terrorismterroristset off bombsterorismus
theftthiefstealkrádež
vandalismvandalvandalizevandalismus

rob a steal: rob člověka nebo banku (rob a bank), steal věc (steal a car). Nepravidelné: thief, theft, steal – stole – stolen.

Který zločin?

Příklady z Vocabulary Bank.

  1. They took away a rich man's son and asked for money for his safe return.
  2. Two passengers took control of the plane and made the pilot land in the desert.
  3. We came home from holiday and found that our TV had gone.
  4. A teenager got into the Pentagon's computer system.
  5. When the border police searched his car, it was full of cigarettes.
  6. Someone threw paint on the statue in the park.
  7. He said he'd send the photos to a newspaper if the actress didn't pay him.
  8. An armed man in a mask walked into a shop and shouted, ‘Give me all the money in the till!’
  9. The company accountant was transferring money into his own bank account.
  10. The builder offered the mayor a free flat in return for permission to build.
  11. A man held out a knife and made me give him my wallet.
  12. A woman followed a pop singer everywhere and sent him constant messages.

Kdo to je?

Řekni zločince, pak klepni.

6Od zločinu k rozsudku

The crime

  1. committedCarl and Adam committed a crime (spáchali).
  2. investigatedThe police investigated the crime (vyšetřovala).
  3. caughtThey were caught in a stolen car (chyceni).
  4. arrestedThey were arrested (zatčeni).
  5. questionedThe police questioned them for ten hours (vyslýchala).
  6. chargedThey were charged with armed robbery (obviněni).

The trial

  1. courtThey appeared in court (soud).
  2. accusedThey were accused of armed robbery (obžalovaní).
  3. witnessesWitnesses told the court what they had seen (svědci).
  4. juryThe jury (12 people) looked at all the evidence (porota, důkazy).
  5. verdictThe jury reached their verdict (rozhodnutí poroty).
  6. guiltyCarl was found guilty × innocent (vinen × nevinen).
  7. judgeThe judge decided his punishment (soudce, trest).
  8. sentencedHe sentenced him to ten years in prison (odsoudil).
  9. acquittedNo proof against Adam → he was acquitted (osvobozen).

Ve vyšetřování File 10

detectivesinvestigate crimes
suspectspeople the police think are guilty
victimspeople who are hurt or killed
witnessespeople who see something and tell the police
evidencefacts and signs that show who did it
solvefind the answer (a mystery)
proveuse facts to show something is true

Předložky chytáky

charged withobviněn z
accused ofobžalován z
sentenced toodsouzen k (ten years)
found guiltyuznán vinným
in courtu soudu

Doplň slovo

Celý příběh od zatčení po trest.

  1. They were ___ and taken to a police station.
  2. Finally they were ___ with armed robbery.
  3. ___ told the court what they had seen.
  4. The ___ of 12 people heard all the evidence.
  5. After two days the jury reached their ___.
  6. The judge ___ him to ten years in prison.
  7. There was no proof, so he was ___ and allowed to go free.
  8. What ___ did the police find? Fingerprints on the gun.

Tvoření slov z textu May and June

Utvoř slovo

Řekni tvar, pak klepni.

7Chytáky

My sister, that lives in London, is a nurse.
My sister, who lives… S čárkami nikdy that.
Rob and Corinna, whose have twins…
who have twins. Whose jen před podstatným jménem.
The woman lived here was a writer.
The woman who lived here… Za zájmenem je sloveso, nejde vynechat.
I'm late, amn't I?
I'm late, aren't I?
He works here, isn't he?
He works here, doesn't he? Bez pomocného slovesa → do/does/did.
They robbed my car.
They stole my car. / They robbed a bank.

8Písemka nanečisto

Grammar: circle a, b, or c

Jako Revise and Check.

  1. Is that the woman ___ husband is a famous writer?
  2. The Starry Night, ___ was painted in 1889, is by Vincent van Gogh.
  3. I'm very fond of Susan, ___ I used to share a flat with at university.
  4. They're very rich, ___?
  5. Your brother's been to New Zealand, ___?
  6. You won't be late, ___?
  7. Is he ___ you met at the party?
  8. This is the hotel ___ we stayed last summer.

Vocabulary

Doplň slovo.

  1. The ___ was convinced that the man's alibi was false.
  2. I'm sure he's guilty, but I can't ___ it.
  3. Jack the Ripper's ___ were all women.
  4. They are sure they will be able to ___ the mystery.
  5. Walter Sickert is a ___ in the Jack the Ripper case.
  6. Mozart was a child ___.
  7. I must find a phone ___. I want to make a call.
  8. The ___ took my bike from outside the shop.

Napiš sám

Odpověz na papír, pak rozklikni a ohodnoť.

Spoj čárkami: Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird. She died in 2016.

Harper Lee, who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, died in 2016.

Spoj: This is the painting. It is worth millions of pounds. (defining)

This is the painting which / that is worth millions of pounds.

Spoj: That's the man. His brother plays for Manchester United.

That's the man whose brother plays for Manchester United.

Doplň tagy: You weren't at home last night, ___? · Let's go shopping, ___? · Give Sam a lift, ___?

were you · shall we · will you

Doplň tagy: She isn't happy, ___? · You took part in the race, ___? · I'm on the wrong bus, ___?

is she · didn't you · aren't I

Seřaď: sentenced · arrested · committed · charged · verdict · questioned

committed → arrested → questioned → charged → verdict → sentenced

Zločin, zločinec, sloveso: burglary · theft · robbery · kidnapping

burglary – burglar – break in · theft – thief – steal · robbery – robber – rob · kidnapping – kidnapper – kidnap